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#1440 CIVILIZATION V BACKGROUND SERIES#

The national law of Kristofers landslag is introduced in Sweden.

The municipality of Juva, Finland is founded.

The community of Rauma, Finland is granted its town rights.

Following this, he places Basarab II as ruler of Wallachia.

September – John Hunyadi defeats another army of the Ottoman Empire (70,000 strong), led by Hadım Şehabeddin, Beylerbey (or governor) of Rumelia, near the Ialomița River.

June 2 – Alfonso of Aragon proclaims himself King of Naples.

March 18– 25 – Battle of Hermannstadt: John Hunyadi defeats an army of the Ottoman Empire (80,000 strong), led by Mesid Bey of Vidin, near Sibiu in Transylvania.

The first enslaved black Africans are brought to Europe at Lagos in the Kingdom of Portugal.

This is probably the first voyage where a caravel is used for maritime exploration.

Nuno Tristão reaches the Ras Nouadhibou ( Cabo Branco) on the western coast of Africa.

With the help of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, governor Hacı I Giray declares his province independent of the Golden Horde and establishes the Crimean Khanate.

A revolt occurs in the Mayan nation of Mayapan the Maya civilization splits into warring city-states.

This is the earliest recorded contact of the Ethiopian branch of the Coptic Church with Europe.

Two subjects of the Ethiopian Empire attend a Christian ecclesiastical council at Florence as part of negotiations concerning a possible union of Coptic Orthodoxy and the Latin Church.

Ouagadougou becomes the capital of the Mossi Kingdoms.

November 20 – The Peace of Cremona (1441) ends the war between the Republic of Venice and the Duchy of Milan.November 10 – Alfonso V of Aragon lays siege to Naples.March 1 – Battle of Samobor: The army of Ulrich II, Count of Celje, defeats the army of Stjepan Banić at Samobor, Croatia in union with Hungary.February 12 – King's College, Cambridge, is founded by King Henry VI of England.February – The Republic of Venice annexes the seigniory of Ravenna, ending the da Polenta Dynasty.Zhu Quan writes the Cha Pu ("Tea Manual") in China.Uwaifiokun, Oba of Benin, is killed by his brother, the Prince Ogun, who succeeds him as Ewuare I.However, these are desperate measures, as illegal silver mining continues to thrive as a dangerous but lucrative venture. The government establishes community night watches known as 'watches and tithings' ( baojia), who ensure that illegal mining activities are brought to a halt. The government wants to cap the amount of silver circulating into the market, as more grain taxes are converted into silver taxes.

#1440 CIVILIZATION V BACKGROUND SERIES#

The Ming Dynasty government of China begins a decade-long series of issuing harsh edicts towards those who illegally mine silver, the latter known as 'miner bandits' ( kuangzei), a trend begun in 1438.Sir Richard Molyneux is appointed constable of Liverpool Castle, in England.Eton College is founded by Henry VI of England.Lorenzo Valla's De falso credita et ementita Constantini Donatione declamatio demonstrates that the Donation of Constantine is a forgery.Itzcóatl, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan, dies and is succeeded by Moctezuma I ( Moctezuma Ilhuicamina).October 22: Gilles de Rais confesses, and is sentenced to death.September: The term of Regent of Sweden Karl Knutsson Bonde ends, as newly elected king of Denmark Christopher of Bavaria is also elected king of Sweden.September 13: Breton knight Gilles de Rais is taken into custody, upon an accusation of murdering children brought against him by the Bishop of Nantes.The city is heavily damaged, but the defenders' use of artillery prevents the Turks from capturing the city. April: Murad II lays siege to Belgrade.April 9: Christopher of Bavaria is elected King of Denmark.February 21: The Prussian Confederation is formed.